Introduction
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on or inside an ovary. Many women will have an ovarian cyst at some point in their lives. Often, these cysts are harmless and go away on their own. However, some ovarian cysts can cause pain or other symptoms. Because of this, it is important to know the signs, causes, and treatment options for ovarian cysts. Understanding these can help you make informed choices about your health.
What is an Ovarian Cyst?
Ovarian cysts are small sacs filled with fluid. They develop on or inside a woman’s ovary. Most cysts form during the menstrual cycle and are called functional cysts. Usually, these cysts are not cancerous. In fact, many women do not even know they have one. However, some cysts can grow large or cause problems. For example, they may twist or burst, leading to pain or other issues.
Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Many ovarian cysts do not cause any symptoms. Still, some women may notice signs, especially if the cyst is large or ruptures. For this reason, it is helpful to know what to look for. Common symptoms include:Pain or pressure in the lower bellyBloating or swelling in the abdomenChanges in your period, such as heavier or lighter bleedingPain during sexFrequent urge to urinateFeeling full quickly when eating
Sometimes, a cyst can cause sudden, severe pain. This may happen if it bursts or twists. In such cases, you should seek medical help right away.
Causes and Risk Factors
Ovarian cysts can form for several reasons. Most often, they develop as part of the normal menstrual cycle. However, other factors can increase your risk. These include:Hormonal changes, such as those caused by fertility treatmentsPregnancy, since cysts can form early in pregnancyEndometriosis, a condition where tissue grows outside the uterusSevere pelvic infections, which can spread to the ovariesPrevious ovarian cysts, as they can return
Although most cysts are not cancerous, the risk of ovarian cancer increases with age, especially after menopause. Therefore, regular check-ups are important.
How Ovarian Cysts are Diagnosed
Doctors use several methods to diagnose ovarian cysts. First, they may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, a pelvic exam helps check for swelling or lumps. Often, an ultrasound is used to see the cyst’s size and location. In some cases, blood tests may be done to check hormone levels or rule out cancer. If needed, other scans like MRI or CT may be used. Early diagnosis helps guide the best treatment for ovarian cysts.
Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts
Treatment depends on the type, size, and symptoms of the cyst. Many cysts go away on their own and do not need treatment. However, your doctor may suggest:Watchful waiting, with regular check-ups and ultrasoundsBirth control pills, to prevent new cysts from formingPain relievers, for mild discomfortSurgery, if the cyst is large, painful, or does not go away
For example, surgery may be needed if a cyst looks suspicious or causes severe symptoms. Your doctor will discuss the best option for you.
Prevention and Lifestyle Tips
While you cannot always prevent ovarian cysts, some steps may help lower your risk. For instance, regular check-ups can help find cysts early. In addition, keeping a healthy weight and managing stress may support overall health. Here are some tips:See your gynaecologist for routine examsTrack your menstrual cycle and note any changesEat a balanced diet and exercise regularlyReport unusual pain or symptoms to your doctor
Although these steps cannot guarantee prevention, they can help you stay aware of your health.
When to See a Doctor
It is important to know when to seek medical advice for ovarian cysts. You should see a doctor if you have:Severe or sudden pelvic painPain with fever or vomitingUnusual bleeding or changes in your periodSigns of shock, such as weakness or rapid breathing
Early care can help prevent complications. Therefore, do not ignore symptoms that worry you.
For personalized advice about ovarian cysts, consult a gynecologist. They can guide you on the best steps for your health.